This procedure is used when the water is salty, containing dangerous bacteria, or for settling out full metals and also for purification of sea water. Comparative study of innovative solar still modifications. Effect of various parameters on different types of solar still. Solar water distillation method uses a solar still to condense pure water vapor and settles out harmful substances to make clean, pure drinking water. Still produces a single image that shows the shadows at the project location for a specified date and time. The constants c and n are determined experimentally and found to be c 0. Pdf design and analysis of solar still researchgate. For most commercial and industrial use, the crystalline silicon is still the standard and stands to be for years to come. Blinds are the most popular window covering based on the results of our ongoing poll. The solar stills have often been used in the tropics where there is abundant supply of solar energy. Similar devices can be used to desalinate seawater, to survive in. The material is nontoxic, nonflammable and 100% recyclable. Using solar panels has its downfall such as when the weather is cloudy, it makes the technology unreliable. There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps better known as moisture traps amongst survivalists.
The pump is powered by a goal zero solar generator. This still was a large basin type still used for supplying fresh water using brackish feedwater to a nitrate mining community. Year 6 changes to materials can be reversible or irreversible acssu095 year 7 some of earths resources are renewable, including water that cycles through the environment, but others are nonrenewable acssu116 in this activity. They all basically use the same principle, but have different shapes and ways of catching the liquid. There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills, and condensation traps better known as moisture traps amongst. There are three main types of residential solar electric power systems. General mathematical modeling methodology of solar stills and some mathematical modeling. The technology is simple in design and use and is discribed by simple pictograms. Desalination systems are of two broad types, based upon either thermal distillation or membrane separation. A solar still distills water, using the heat of the sun to evaporate, cool then collect the water. Also, the cost and placement of the solar panels can be very high mostly because the solar panels require a very large area that has a significant amount of sunlight to give energy to a lot of people. Here is your perfect guide in buying blinds and get to know the latest and modern types of blinds in the market today. The heat transfer in solar still is mainly classified into two ways, internal and external heat transfer. Jordan, khalifa and hamood conducted experiments on solar still at latitude 31.
General mathematical modeling methodology of solar stills. Improving the performance of solar stills using sun tracking. Typical efficiencies for single basin solar stills approach 60 percent. Parameters affecting productivity of solar still and. Blinds can also tilt from side to side, which allows you to control the amount of light entering the room. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. If i am performing an experiment to see which 2l plastic bottle solar still will produce the most pure water condensation depending on whether they were placed in the west where the sun rises east where it sets and centred between the two at an elevation to avoid shadow, what would be some of my variables for a variable grid, also what would be my. The fundamental aspects of a solar still have gone unchanged since ancient times, the simplicity of the design is one of the solar stills chief benefits. Resource 1 solar still group instructions the solar still is a type of desalination device that uses solar energy to remove salt and other contaminants from water. Tiwari and garg 1984 also confirmed that the multiple wick solar still is. But if youd like to focus on making your still more selfsufficient, a solar option could be a nice option. Jul 30, 2015 for most applications, a mono or polycrystalline solar pv solution is usually the best option, as these established technologies generally provide the right balance of price, efficiency and reliability. Types of solar studies revit products 2016 autodesk. Types of solar energy whether you want to build your own solar panels or are interested in finding solar energy grants so you can finance a professional to do a full installation for you, the first step is to understand what the different types of solar energy are.
Solar still definition is a small device originally designed for army and navy fliers forced down in the sea that converts salt water or contaminated water into drinking water by vaporization by the suns rays and condensation. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at an inclination which enables the collected water 4. Solar still efficiency n is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still over the amount of incident solar energy on the still q t in jm2 day. Based on the use of variable types of material in solar cells the solar cells are categorized into various classes like single crystal, multi crystalline amorphous silicon 7,8,9,10 cadmium. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic or glass. The reservoir is a black barrel which aids in preheating the water that enters the solar still basin. The solar still is a device which converts wastewater into fresh distillate water, by the use of the energy which is freely and abundantly available in. The black pan for the saltwater is already made out of 100% recycled pc. Mar 30, 2014 a solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Fabricated solar still a blackened tray is placed at the base of the solar still which acts as a black body to absorb the incident heat. Review of the productivity of various types of solar stills.
If this is why youd like to have a still, this is a great option for you. One common use for a solar collector is to provide residential hot water, but they can also provide warm air for home heating or even superheat materials for electricity generation. Their results also show that the still costs less than half of the cost of a basin type still of the same area and provides a higher yield of distillate. For most blinds, a cord located on one side of the blinds allow you to adjust the blinds up and down. What are the different types of solar stills exist.
Examples of those are singleslope doublebasin solar still alkaraghouli. Effect of glass inclination angle on solar still performance. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. In this thesis, a basintype solar still was designed to investigate the effect of sun tracking in the performance of conventional solar. Solar stills are the most widely analyzed desalination systems. If the ground is very dry, a solar still will produce less water. For most applications, a mono or polycrystalline solar pv solution is usually the best option, as these established technologies generally provide the right balance of price, efficiency and reliability. Average maximum temperature and humidity was more in double slope, single slope and wick type solar still and hence the average quantity of distilled water.
This walks you through everything you need to know to create the perfect solar still. A classification of the solar still systems was made in order to explain the types of solar still systems. Jul 12, 2017 solar water distillation method uses a solar still to condense pure water vapor and settles out harmful substances to make clean, pure drinking water. Flow through system was applied to the meb and stepped system to reduce brine formation inside the solar still. Single day produces an animation that shows the movement of shadows at the project location for a. The pure water vapor condenses on the cool inside plastic surface and drips down from the weighted low point, where it is collected and removed. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. When creating a solar study, you can choose from the following types. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. A solar still desalination system with enhanced productivity. The performance of a conventional solar distillation system can be predicted by various methods, such as computer simulation, periodic and transient analysis, iteration methods, and numerical methods. Evaporation and condensation are the basic principles used in solar still. The toolbox identifies challenge areas, bestpractices and innovations that add value, while speeding the path to market for community solar programs.
Solar stills are being used in countries where potable water is not readily available. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched. This thermal process is an efficient solution to pure water scarcity in the world. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. Some people own a still for making their own distilled water.
Study on stepped type basin in a solar still sciencedirect. The first conventional solar still plant was built in 1872 by the swedish engineer charles wilson in the mining community of las salinas in what is now northern chile region ii. There are different types of survival solar stills or vapor stills. The impure water in the solar still is heated by solar radiations that penetrate through the glass cover this causes water to evaporate. A heavier and bulky solar panel requires a lot of space and sometime big roofs to fit these bulky and large solar panels in case of high power applications 11. Pdf effect of various parameters on different types of. Different types of water purification systems using solar energy. In this work a stepped solar still is used to enhance the productivity of the solar still. Solar distillation is a more simple way to make use of solar energy but still requires certain materials to make the stills, such as glass and cement. The simplest and easily accessible type of solar distillation is passive solar still which utilizes freely and abundantly available sun energy for.
Solar still is an economical and easy method for production of pure water. The concept of integrating the stepped solar still along with inclined flat plate collector is introduced in this research work. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from uttar pradesh technical. Different types of water purification systems using solar. In fact, there are many types of solar stills, some of them have been developed and.
A cpc concentric tubular solar still design with a rectangular absorber is presented as shown in figures 11, 12, and 14 and the specification shown in table 1. In some cases, new designs of the solar still were 49 employed such as utilizing a transportable hemispherical domeshaped still 48, using tubular stills 49 and 50 horizontal transparent tubes instead of basins 50. Efficiency differs between different panel designs, and highly efficient panels often come at a greater cost. All blinds have individual slats, which adjust up and down. A solar still has water and glass temperatures equal to 55 c and 45 c, respectively. A single slope basin type solar still is fabricated with inner dimensions of mm x 500mm effective area 0. Blinds come in a variety of different types, materials, and sizes. Therefore, in this article keeping in mind the efficient use of solar energy by solar cells research and development, we will study the different types of solar cells. Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.
The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. However, there are many variations on the theme of the typical single slopebasin still and these can fall into one of two categories, active or passive. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery to end users transmission, distribution, etc. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of. One common use for a solar collector is to provide residential hot water, but they can also provide warm air for home heating or even superheat materials for electricity. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Solar collectors are devices that capture the suns heat to perform tasks, as opposed to photovoltaic panels that use the suns light. Some designs reduce this impact by using earth to construct the main body of the solar still so the overall impact is minimal. If the convective heat transfer coefficient from water surface to glass is 2. The details of various heat transfers in solar still are shown in figure 2. Solar still definition of solar still by merriamwebster. Wshape solar still on concrete with two channel low cost lshape solar still by using wooden strips and aluminum channel l shape solar still was developed with plastic glazing on soil for distilled water output through single channel.
A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. The inner and outer circular tubes are positioned with a 5 mm gap for the flowing water and air to cool the outer surface of the inner tube. Tiwari and garg 1984 also confirmed that the multiple wick solar still is the most economical and. Four basic types of solar cookers sunshine on my shoulder. These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single slope solar still, tubular solar still and tubular solar still coupled with pyramid solar still and their performance evaluation in converting brackish water into fresh water for drinking are presented. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. In this stepped type solar still, a conventional basin of area 1 m 2, was placed at the bottom. In this thesis, a basintype solar still was designed to investigate the effect of sun tracking in the performance of conventional solar still using actual environmental conditions.
However, youll need to find the best value for your dollar when considering the immediate and longterm priorities of your systemand it may not be. The results showed that the distillation productivity of solar stills are significantly influenced by ambient conditions e. The waterconeis a long lasting uv resistant poly carbonate product and can be used up to 5 years daily. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. These three broad types vary in how closely connected they are to the traditional power utility infrastructure, known as the grid. Still, the average solar panel is efficient enough to be reasonably cost effective. For example, you can view the shadow patterns for a project in san francisco, ca, on june 22 at noon. Lecture 3 types of solar cells experiment 3 generations. Each type has strengths that determine how suited they are to your needs.